New Canada was first organized as a plantation in 1881. The population at that time was 177, but by 1900 the population had growth to 419. By 1910 New Canada had further growth to 590 persons. It stayed at that level until the 1940's when an out-migration of people started which lasted until 1960 when the population was only 288. It was 300 in 1970 and was estimated to be 291 by the U.S. Bureau of Census in 1975 and to be 292 by the Maine Bureau of Vital Statistics in 1977

The population has been quite stable in the past years. Many houses that were in poor condition have been torn down. Those that remain are almost all in good to excellent condition. There has not been a great deal of new construction which would now be necessary if the town were to grow. Employment is about half resource-based in the town (agriculture or forestry) and about half provided by commuting to Fort Kent. Most of the forest land is owned by non-residents. The Consolidated Rambler Mines owning about 44% of the total area.

Typescript data herein obtained upon request from the New Canada Town Office: 834-6673